Arrests of Ethiopian journalists and bloggers are part of what critics say is a 'shocking' crackdown.
-------
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia - The arrest of six bloggers and three journalists by Ethiopia's government last week, has led to widespread outcry in the Horn of Africa nation - even among those generally supportive of the ruling party's policies.
The detainees were unusually brought to court on Sunday, April 27 in the capital Addis Ababa where judges granted investigators more time to make their case. Authorities suspect the nine of working with foreign advocacy groups to try to create unrest using social media, according to local media reports. The next court hearings are May 7 and 8, when formal charges may be brought.
Ethiopia's government, a staunch Western ally in a poor and violent region, has a track record of jailing journalists and political activists, often using a 2009 anti-terrorism law. While officials say no one has ever been imprisoned for expressing their opinion, rights groups accuse authorities of using the broad terms of the law to crush legitimate dissent.
Friends and readers portray the Zone 9 bloggers as young and principled activists pressuring Ethiopia's government to respect the country's liberal 1995 constitution.
"Most of the time they're engaged in advocating freedom of expression and what they call Dreaming of a Better Ethiopia," says Merkeb Negash, a politics lecturer from Jimma University in Ethiopia's southwest. The group had recently started blogging again after a 7-month break and complaints of surveillance and harassment by security forces.
Merkeb believes Ethiopia's state-centric development model, which critics accuse of being heavy-handed with dissidents, has delivered security, infrastructure and economic growth to a previously destitute, strife-torn country. However, these latest arrests are another indication that the victorious rebel group turned ruling coalition, the Ethiopian Peoples' Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), doesn't respect constitutional guarantees for freedom of expression, he said.
'Shocking' changes
The EPRDF came to power when it overthrew a military regime in 1991 and has governed ever since as a coalition of four ethnic parties. Its only serious challenge came in the 2005 elections, but it subsequently reasserted extensive control.
"Even people like me who were optimistic about the emergence of civilised debate and vibrant media and activism have been shocked by these detentions," Merkeb said.
Mikias Sebsibe, a journalist who works for an EPRDF-affiliated media outlet, makes a similar point. "We need to ask the government why it keeps telling us that it upholds the right to freedom of expression but contradicts itself with its actions," he said.
One person with particular reason to be shocked is Tsedale Lemma, the managing editor of Addis Standard, a monthly magazine that analyses current affairs in the region. She regularly received dispatches from Tesfalem Waldyes, one of the detained journalists. Diminutive and energetic, with a wide grin and oversized backpack, Tesfalem is familiar to many in Addis Ababa's media community.
His detention is "very strange", his editor said, as he is a "meticulous and professional" freelancer. Although he mixed socially with the independent Zone 9 activists, whose writings were more critical and provocative, he wasn't a member, she explains. The other arrested journalists are Asmamaw Hailegeorgis of Addis Guday newspaper and Edom Kassaye, a freelancer.
A journalist and a friend of Tesfalem's, Tsion Girma, is a neighbour in a low-cost apartment complex. She became aware of his plight late on Friday when she got "a massive knock at my door".
"I opened and the guy screamed at me 'Tesfalem is calling for you outside.'" When Tsion asked who was carting him off to the capital's main investigation centre, known as Maekelawi, a man in plain clothes pointed at a uniformed official.
"Now you see they are policemen. That is all you need to know," he said. A government spokesman, Shimeles Kemal, told Al Jazeera on Saturday he was not aware of the arrests. Getachew Reda, an adviser to Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn, said on Tuesday the group was suspected of criminality, without providing further details. Some of the arrested had "a penchant for incitement of violence and unrest", Getachew said.
The plain-clothed individuals were probably from the National Intelligence and Security Services, which investigates political conspiracies. Tsedale worries that intelligence agents have too much power. "You feel that way over the weekend when you're kept in the dark and they're taken to court on Sunday. You feel this government has lost its centre of gravity," she said.
"Is it random action by the security forces? Who is in the driving seat?" Now that a judicial process is under way other officials may not be able to intervene even if they want to, she said.
Source-Obang Metho